Brand valuation is guff
Brands are invaluable bridges that connect products with markets. Goods and services are branded to distinguish them from other commodity-like goods and services. There should be a good reason why so much effort goes into the creation of brands and into the branding of products.

Brands are merely a class of assets. The other corporate assets of greater significance are leadership, research and proprietary knowledge, and training and motivation of employees. Many assets have to act in unison to produce value. Computation of brand values naively negates the very purpose that brands serve. Brands will defy any attempts aimed at valuing them. That is what makes brands mystical, say G. Ramachandran and R. Vijay Shankar.
Brands are invaluable bridges that connect products with markets. Goods and services are branded to distinguish them from other commodity-like goods and services. There should be a good reason why so much effort goes into the creation of brands and into the branding of products.
Brands generate premium values at both ends of the bridge. First, brands enable markets to attract those products that best serve the needs of customers. Thereby, they create a value premium for the customers of goods and services. Second, brands enable products to reach the markets they are targeted at. Thereby, they create a value premium for the marketers of goods and services. Therefore, brands make both markets and products better off. Without brands, both markets and products would be worse off.
It would be patently daft to reject the view that brands make both markets and products better off. But brand valuation is all guff. It is all puff. It misses the real stuff. The thrust on the computation of brand values naively negates the very purpose that brands serve. Brands transform indistinguishable commodity-like products into distinct and incomparable goods and services. There are no commodity-like, mechanistic methods to accomplish this transcendental transformation. It is tough for one pea not to be like the other peas. Hence, brands transcend the ordinary. They achieve the impossible. And, there are no deterministic ways to transcend the ordinary. Brands can create inestimable value premiums at both ends of the bridge in many unspecified ways. The only prerequisite is that they have to be in the hands of those that believe in the power of brands to accomplish the extraordinary.
The hands that hold a brand will determine how much value will be created. Therefore, a brand's value is inestimable. There are no commodity-like, normative valuation methods. Brands will defy any attempts aimed at valuing them. That is what makes brands mystical. They will trample upon the egos of those that are mechanistically minded.
Puff overlooks stuff
If brand valuation is naïve, reporting brand values is intemperate vanity. The focus on the reporting of brand values is a jarring negation of the inestimable value premiums that brands create. Commodities and marketable securities alone are amenable to mechanistic methods of reporting. But brands are not commodities. They certainly are not marketable securities. Brands do not have tenors and redemption values. They do not acknowledge the existence of dividend yields and yield curves. But they are marketable. The markets for brands are frighteningly thin and illiquid. This would be an embarrassment to those who extend the logic of disclosures learnt in one market to the market for brands.
Brands are like works of art. They are like the wonderful creations of Pablo Picasso and Rembrandt Harmensz van Rijn. These works of art have a market, but the values at which they change hands are not computed mechanistically.
The eyes of beholders set prices. In the case of brands, the hands of the holders set brand values. The unceasing focus on how to report brand values in financial statements overlooks the plain fact that the hands that hold a brand determine how much value will be created in the future. Any hands that hold a brand will have to work towards creating value premiums in the future. They would accomplish little by reporting the brand's past and present values.
Knowing the known
Those that have a penchant for historical reporting flog the fact that implicit transaction values in mergers are often in excess of the sum of the net value of all reported assets. The excess is limply attributed to brands and other intangible assets. Where explicit transaction values in acquisitions exceed the sum of the net value of assets, the excess is aggressively attributed to brands and other intangible assets. The level of aggression rises when companies acquire brands from other companies without buying other assets. The high purchase prices are offered as proof that brands are valuable.
The aggression shatters toughened glass and reinforced steel when corporate raiders explicitly attribute high acquisition prices to the buyout target's brands. But who needs proof that brands are valuable? Brands are indeed valuable.
Who needs proof that brands are assets? Brands are indeed assets. Brands are valuable assets. Brands are valuable stuff. We have no quarrels with this. We go one step further by regarding brands as invaluable assets.
Undeserved flak
The normative focus on brand valuation would not be so jarring if the brand pundits had not directed some flak to accountants, financial analysts and fund managers. Mr David Haigh, Chief Executive, Brand Finance, and Mr M. Unni Krishnan, Country Manager, Brand Finance, are of the view that traditional measures of financial performance do not reveal fully the value of brands (Praxis, Business Line's Journal on Management, May 2005). Mr Haigh and Mr Krishnan bemoan the fact that earnings per share (EPS) and dividend yield look back rather than forward. But the backward-looking measures of financial performance do not suppress the 'felt impact' of brands.
If brands connect products with markets, the accounting numbers cannot hide them. Brands in the hands of able managers push up earnings and the EPS. Ceteris paribus, if brands do not push up earnings and EPS, something is wrong with the brands or the hands.
Nothing will be wrought by blaming accounting or the accountants. Mr Haigh and Mr Krishnan give credit to corporate raiders for giving the impetus to brand valuation. We go one step further. Corporate raiders give impetus to the rediscovery of brand values. Brands do not push up earnings and EPS if something is wrong with the brands or the hands. Corporate raiders set free the right brands from inept and wrong hands. They buy underused brands. They hand them over to creative hands that know how to generate more value. New value is created. This shows up in the accounting numbers. It shows up in the stock markets.
Putting results ahead
Where brands connect markets with products, they create value. Brands produce measurable results regardless of whether they are valued and reported. Our assertion that brands produce measurable results regardless of whether are valued and reported holds in the case of all assets. This explains why the five core components of business in `Putting results ahead of profits' do not include assets (Business Line, April 19).
The components are core markets, core brands, core products, core activities and core resources. It places core markets at the top of the linear hierarchy. It places resources at the bottom. Brands transform ordinary, commodity-like products into extraordinary value generators and cash gushers. That is why marketers invest in brands. That is why they allocate internal resources towards building brands.
Ordinary products become cash gushers when they strike the value veins that run in the markets. It would be irritatingly daft to reject the view that brands make cash gushers of ordinary products. It would be as daft to see brands in isolation. Brands have to strike the market's value veins.
If they do not, brands do not create value. If brands are valuable, the market is the place to find out if they are valuable. When brands strike the market's value veins, they create value. Companies will capture the value so created through appropriate prices and better profits. There are no other means. They would be foolish not to capture the value.
This explains why financial analysts capture the impact of brands and other useful assets by evaluating future free cash flows (FCF). Brands are merely a class of assets. The other corporate assets of greater significance are leadership, research and proprietary knowledge, and the training and motivation of employees. Many assets have to act in unison to produce value. It is apt that financial analysts view the present value of the FCF as the bundled value of the going concern.
(G. Ramachandran is a financial analyst. R. Vijay Shankar is Director of SSN School of Management and Computer Applications. Feedback may be sent to indiagrow@yahoo.com, shanksvijay@gmail.com and pari@thehindu.co.in)
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Social Beat wins SEO mandate of Tata CLiQ tag rss
The account was won after a multi-agency pitch
e4m e4m Social Beat has won the SEO mandate for Tata CLiQ, one of the fastest-growing omnichannel marketplace in India. Social Beat has been entrusted with optimizing existing content, as well as launching new, optimized category pages systematically on Tata CLiQ’s platform to scale monthly organic traffic by 2x over the next year. The account was won after a multi-agency pitch and will be serviced by Social Beat’s offices in Mumbai.
Shishir Kataria, Director - Marketing, Tata CLiQ, “Shoppers, e-commerce or otherwise, continue to heavily rely on search and discovery throughout their shopping journey, be it engaging with the latest fashion trends or hunting for the best buys. No wonder a platform's ability to be a part of this journey organically drives significant consideration for it amongst potential shoppers. We, at Tata Cliq, are confident that Social Beat will help us develop and optimise content that is highly discoverable to grow our engagement and revenue. Our goal continues to be to drive more and more shoppers to our platform with optimised and curated products and relevant content.”
Vikas Chawla, Co-Founder, Social Beat said, “We are thrilled to partner with Tata CLiQ in their growth journey. We aim to scale traffic to the Tata CLiQ platform manyfold over the next year. Our team of specialised SEO and Content strategists will be working closely to achieve this”
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Will OOH dazzle this festive season?
As the celebrations begin, experts tell us the trends and challenges for the OOH sector this season
Be it the flower-clad taxis in Mumbai for Made in Heaven Season 2 promotion or Zomato’s ‘kheer mangoge kheer denge’ billboards, India's OOH advertising sector has undergone substantial transformation and expansion in the recent years. Even though the medium was severely hit during the pandemic years, it has now managed to rebuild its status. Now, with the onset of the festive season, elections and the cricket world cup, OOH is expected to see more and more advertisers come on board.
Amarjeet Hudda, Chief Operating Officer, Laqshya Media Group, believes most of the clients spend a lot of money during the festive season, especially for Durga Puja, Dussehra and Diwali, targeting their customers in a festive mood. The categories that spend heavily during these months are Auto, Consumer Durables, Real Estate, Organised retail, and E-commerce.
According to Dipankar Sanyal of Platinum Outdoor, there was a huge surge in the festive season last year, and he expects the same this year too. “Last four to five years have turbulent for outdoor. It was picking up in 2019, but then Covid came and everything went flat for two years,” he mentioned.
According to EY-FICCI’s M&E Report 2023, OOH media grew 86 percent in 2022 to Rs 37 billion. The value includes traditional, transit and digital media, but excludes untracked unorganised OOH media such as wall paintings, billboards, ambient media, storefronts, proxy advertising.
Sharing the brand’s perspective, Shivam Ranjan, Head of Marketing, Motorola-APAC, said, “We are going into this festive season with a strong mix of media, including OOH. Within OOH, we are focusing on digital OOH, due to its capability of programmatic serving, measurability, and near real-time insights that allow us to be agile with the communication and optimisation of our campaigns.”
With urbanisation, improved infrastructure, rising consumerism and an increased spending power, clients' expectations from OOH advertising too have evolved. “The clients expect better ROI on every investment, best in class innovations, tech-led planning and execution. Today, technology plays an important role starting from planning the campaign, to measuring metrics to ROI,” Singh explained.
Another trend that Sanyal has observed is that traditionally advertisers looked at spending on OOH nearly two weeks prior to the festivities, but now, most advertisers have now started advertising a week earlier so that they can get maximum eyeballs. Additionally, the digital OOH advertising (DOOH) has also emerged big. The digital OOH screens increased to around 100,000 and contributed eight percent of total segment revenues.
“Now with digital, there is more space for advertisers to come in one frame. Because of this, you can see it is getting more attractive. The innovations too are coming in at a much lower cost and creating a greater impact,” shared Sanyal.
The only challenge with the medium, according to Ranjan, is OOH being a fragmented industry with lack of measurability and agility. This becomes a serious issue for ROI-centric brands. However, the growth of DOOH, which is dynamic, agile and measurable, is giving marketers the confidence to invest in the medium backed by relevant data and outcomes.
Adding to this, Hudda highlighted that availability of good media spots is the biggest challenge in this season as media assets are limited and demand is very high. Due to the gap in the festive season, many clients are not able to fully optimise their campaigns. Rather sometimes, clients are even compelled to divert their budget which adversely impacts the industry, he shared.
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Banking on positive consumer sentiment: BFSI optimistic on doubling festive AdEx : Cache
Some categories within the sector, however, may spend more in the quarter that follows the festive season
The BFSI sector is expecting a surge in demand for loan during the festive season and is looking at increasing its ad spends to cash in on the celebration spirit. Industry leaders say they are hopeful of witnessing a good growth in the number of applications for auto loan, home loan, credit card and health insurance during October, November and December due to positive consumer sentiment this year. However, though most of the BFSI players are planning to double their advertising budget this time compared to the previous year, there are some who are not investing too heavily on marketing during the festivals as they plan to save the money for the fourth quarter.
According to Shailendra Singh, MD & CEO, BOB Financial, they witness incremental growth every year during the October-December quarter, and they anticipate an increase in consumer spending as well as new enrolments for cards this year too. “There remains a surge in customer demand for credit during the festive season,” said Singh.
Singh shared that the company is fully geared up for the launch of #FestiveShoppingRewards on all Bank of Baroda credit card variants under the theme ‘Reimagine Festivities’. They would kickstart festive offerings with the start of Navratri.
The festive season does not just see the demand for credit go up, but there is an increase in applications for health and motor insurance too during this time of the year.
Aabhinna Suresh Khare, Chief Digital & Marketing Officer, BajajCapital Ltd, shared that among insurance products, health insurance and motor insurance reign supreme during festivals. According to Khare, the demand for mutual funds and SIPs too sees a hike.
“Overall, the festive season presents an opportune moment to secure insurance coverage. A plethora of attractive products and services are on offer, with financial institutions extending special discounts and promotions to entice new customers,” said Khare.
The company launched #BlessMeGanesha campaign during Ganesh Chaturthi. “Our goal for this festive season is not only to provide financial solutions but also to create memorable experiences and deepen the connection with our customers,” said Khare.
Though all major sectors spend heavily on advertising during the festive season, within the BFSI sector, some categories spend more in the quarter that follows the festive season.
Explaining the trend, Samir Sethi, Head of Brand Marketing, Policybazaar.com, said that the festive season has varying impacts on the BFSI sector. In the banking sector, for instance, the demand for loans surges as many individuals purchase items and undertake home renovations. Conversely, in the insurance category, the festive season doesn't result in significant changes. Instead, the insurance industry experiences its peak season after the festive period, particularly during the fourth quarter of the financial year.
“As the festive season approaches, there is a noticeable increase in car sales though, leading to a surge in the demand for motor insurance. Consequently, we see a significant uptick in the requests for motor insurance policies. During the festive period, there is an upswing in demand for various categories, such as electronics. However, in the insurance sector, this period doesn't significantly affect us, so we don't run specific campaigns targeting festivals. Nevertheless, we do roll out multiple campaigns throughout the year, and some of them may coincide with the festive season,” said Sethi.
According to the TAM AdEx report on BFSI sector across media for H1, the advertising volume of the sector grew on TV, radio and digital, but declined in the print medium. The report indicated that ad impressions on digital saw 91% rise during Jan-Jun '23 over Jan-Jun’22. The increase was 32% for radio and 4% for TV. The ad space of the BFSI sector decreased by 7% in print.
Speaking on media mix, Singh shared that BOB Financial has a good mix of customer segments belonging to Tier I, II and III. So, understanding their needs and preferred form of media channels, the company will reach out to them through relevant media promotions. “For the easy discovery of our offers, we shall have a dedicated offers page with regular promotion of top offers on our social media and other digital channels,” said Singh. Without disclosing the figure, Singh shared that the company’s promotion budget has surely increased from last year and it will be visible through their multi-channel promotional activities.
According to the TAM report, in the BFSI sector, life insurance is the leading category on TV and radio whereas mutual funds is the top category on digital.
Khare highlighted that in recent times, Bajaj Capital has observed a significant growth in audiences on online platforms and the changing preferences of their clientele. “This observation led us to recalibrate our marketing approach, placing a heightened emphasis on digital avenues,” said Khare.
He further added, “Our promotional efforts are primarily digital-focused, accentuating areas like social media engagement, search engine outreach, content-driven marketing, and targeted online advertising. As we approach the festive season, we've fine-tuned our online approach. By harnessing the insights from data analytics, we aim to grasp our clients' needs and inclinations better, ensuring our content is both tailored and pertinent.”
Khare also mentioned that Baja Capital has doubled its advertising budget compared to the previous year.
“This increase in our ad spend signifies our confidence in the opportunities this festive season presents. This impressive surge in our budget allocation underscores our dedication to maximizing the potential of this festive season and driving significant expansion within our business. We firmly believe that this increased investment in advertising will not only elevate our brand presence but also lead to an exceptional uptick in customer engagement and sales.”
For Policybazaar.com, the media strategy primarily involves a blend of television and digital platforms, an approach that has remained consistent in recent years and is expected to continue in the foreseeable future.
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OMD appoints Dileep Raj Singh as Head of Digital for APAC
Singh will report to Charlotte Lee, CEO of OMD APAC
OMD has added a Head of Digital (HOD) to its Asia Pacific (APAC) regional leadership team with the hiring of Dileep Raj Singh.
Singh is a digital native and brings with him a wealth of experience across product, media agency and client side in APAC, North America and the United Kingdom. His last 10 years have been spent building diverse digital marketing teams covering areas like performance marketing, digital media planning, ad/martech, product marketing, branding and measurement.
As HOD, he will accelerate OMD’s digital leadership agenda, rooted in helping clients address their business challenges and digital ambitions. He will be supporting OMD’s local teams in APAC on operational excellence, and digital transformation frameworks and roadmaps; and the development and implementation of our digital leadership agenda. He will also be working hand in hand with both our regional and global networks to initiate complementary workstreams for our clients in APAC.
“We will continue to invest and win in digital as part of our wider goal to be our clients’ most trusted business transformation partner,” said Charlotte Lee, CEO of OMD APAC.
“It is our global ambition to continue our leadership position in digital, data and technology. In line with this ambition, we are excited to have Singh come on board the OMD APAC leadership team. His background of agency, in-house and start-up experience position him perfectly to understand and address our clients’ business needs,” added Lee.
“Digital media and access to our audience, as we know it, is changing quite rapidly around us. This puts most of us in a delicate but remarkable position, a position from which we can shape and contribute to conversations about the next evolution of digital media. As we embark on this journey, I want to leverage the strength of the OMD network – people, technology, data, tools and platforms – to help our clients pivot and navigate through all the new and evolved possibilities in digital media. With this, I aim to position OMD as an unrivaled partner for our current and future clients; to dominate and succeed in this incredibly competitive and multifarious digital realm,” said Singh.
Singh will report to Lee, and work closely with the team including Chief Strategy Officer (CSO), David McCallen, and Chief Client Officer (CCO), Sadhan Mishra, to drive and support APAC local markets as well as regional clients on digital, data and technology needs.
Mishra was promoted to CCO of OMD APAC recently in June 2023. He will continue to be CEO of OMD Singapore, a position he was promoted into last August. Mishra has been with OMD for over 13 years and in his concurrent new role as CCO, he will focus on key client relationships, understanding their business needs and ensuring we remain a critical partner on their transformation journeys.
McCallen was elevated to the role of CSO of OMD APAC in April 2022, and was previously the CSO of OMD New Zealand for five years where he helped the agency to attain the top place in the market for new business, overall billings and award wins. Since starting in the APAC role, his focus has been on connecting and elevating strategic best practices across the region, building capabilities across a range of strategic outputs, and supporting new business growth both regionally and locally.
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Chandrayaan 3: Brands over the Moon
Some of the best moment marketing posts on India's crucial lunar mission
The nation is in a celebratory mood with its moon mission Chandrayaan 3 making its smooth landing on the lunar surface on the evening of August 23, 2023. The Pragyan rover is in pursuit of discovering water on the moon and is a vital feat for India's ambitious space research.
To celebrate this momentous episode in Indian space research history, netizens have taken to the internet to express their excitement, hopes and fears for the nation's lunar mission. Joining them are brands who have crafted creatives to mark the historic occasion and capture the emotions of the nation who have their eyes set on the moon. Here is our pick of some of the best Chandrayaan 3-moment marketing posts.
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BCCI rakes in Rs 4670 cr in Women's Premier League team auction: Jay Shah 26 Jan
WPL has broken the inaugural auction record of Men's IPL in 2008, tweeted Shah
As expected, Wednesday turned out to be another historic day in Indian women's cricket with BCCI having a windfall gain of Rs 4,600 crores by auctioning five team franchises for the first season, a higher sum compared to what men’s IPL franchises offered to the cricket body during the launch in 2008.
Adani, IndiaWin Sports, Royal Challengers, GSW- GMR cricket and Capri Global have won the bid, BCCI secretary Jay Shah tweeted.
Shah shared in a series of tweets, “Today is a historic day in cricket as the bidding for teams of inaugural #WPL broke the records of the inaugural Men's IPL in 2008! Congratulations to the winners as we garnered Rs.4669.99 Cr in total bid.”
“This marks the beginning of a revolution in women's cricket and paves the way for a transformative journey ahead not only for our women cricketers but for the entire sports fraternity. The #WPL would bring necessary reforms in women's cricket and would ensure an all-encompassing ecosystem that benefits each and every stakeholder.”
“The @BCCI has named the league - Women's Premier League (WPL). Let the journey begin…”
The country's top corporates had bid aggressively for the league. Over 16 groups including IPL franchise owners, Adani group, Torrent and Haldiram were believed to be in the fray.
Given the popularity of IPL in India, the event is touted to be a big draw for all stakeholders involved.
The BCCI was reportedly expecting ₹4,000 crore gain through team auction.
It’s noteworthy that Viacom18 has won the Women's IPL media rights for Rs 951 crore for the next five years creating euphoria around the league whose first season will be held in March.
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